Mallet deformity

Mallet Finger is a common orthopedic condition characterized by the inability to extend the distal phalanx (the tip of the finger) at the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ), which is the joint closest to the fingertip. This condition is also known as "baseball finger" and occurs when the extensor tendon that straightens the finger is damaged. The injury can result from a direct blow to the tip of the finger or from forcefully bending the fingertip, commonly seen in sports-related injuries.

Causes

Mallet Finger typically occurs when the finger is forcefully struck at its tip, leading to a rupture or avulsion of the extensor tendon from the distal phalanx. This injury can happen in various situations, such as catching a ball, a fall where the finger is jammed, or any incident that forcefully bends the fingertip downward.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Mallet Finger is the inability to straighten the tip of the finger voluntarily, although it can be lifted with assistance. The affected finger may also exhibit swelling, bruising, and pain at the site of injury.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Mallet Finger is primarily clinical, based on the patient's history and physical examination. However, X-rays are often performed to rule out associated fractures and to assess the extent of the injury.

Treatment

The treatment for Mallet Finger depends on the severity of the injury. The standard non-surgical treatment involves splinting the affected finger in an extended position for a period of 6 to 8 weeks to allow the tendon to heal. It is crucial that the splint is worn continuously and that the fingertip is not bent during this healing period. Surgical intervention may be considered in cases where there is a large fracture fragment or when non-surgical treatment fails to restore proper alignment and function of the finger.

Complications

If not treated promptly or properly, Mallet Finger can lead to permanent deformity, characterized by a drooping of the fingertip that cannot be straightened. This can impair the finger's function and appearance.

Prevention

Preventive measures for Mallet Finger include using protective gear during sports and activities that pose a risk of finger injuries. Proper technique and caution can also reduce the likelihood of sustaining such injuries.