Masked hypertension

Masked Hypertension is a medical condition characterized by blood pressure readings that are normal when measured in a clinical setting but elevated when measured outside of the clinical setting. This condition contrasts with white coat hypertension, where patients exhibit high blood pressure in a clinical setting but normal blood pressure readings outside. Masked hypertension is significant because individuals with this condition may not receive necessary treatment due to the normal readings obtained during clinical visits, potentially leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact causes of masked hypertension are not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development. These include stress, lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity, as well as the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other medications that can increase blood pressure. Additionally, individuals with a family history of hypertension or those who have conditions such as obesity or diabetes may be at an increased risk.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing masked hypertension typically involves the use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) or home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM). ABPM involves wearing a blood pressure cuff for 24 hours to obtain readings throughout the day and night. HBPM, on the other hand, involves patients taking their blood pressure readings at home using a personal blood pressure monitor. These methods help to identify discrepancies between clinical and out-of-clinic blood pressure readings.

Treatment

Treatment for masked hypertension may involve lifestyle modifications such as increasing physical activity, adopting a healthier diet, reducing salt intake, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help manage blood pressure levels. Regular monitoring of blood pressure at home is also recommended to ensure that treatment is effective and to adjust it as necessary.

Complications

If left untreated, masked hypertension can lead to serious health complications, including heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and kidney disease. It is therefore crucial for individuals with this condition to receive appropriate treatment and management to reduce the risk of these complications.

Prevention

Preventing masked hypertension involves adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet, moderation in alcohol consumption, and avoidance of smoking. Regular blood pressure monitoring, both in clinical settings and at home, can also help in early detection and management of the condition.