Medial epicondyle fracture of the humerus

Medial epicondyle fracture of the humerus

Medial Epicondyle Fracture of the Humerus is a type of injury that affects the elbow. It occurs when there is a break or crack in the medial epicondyle, which is a bony prominence on the inner side of the humerus (the long bone of the upper arm). This condition is commonly associated with sports and physical activities but can also result from direct trauma to the area. Medial epicondyle fractures are particularly common in children and adolescents, as the medial epicondyle is one of the last parts of the elbow to ossify and mature.

Causes

Medial epicondyle fractures are often caused by a sudden force applied to the elbow, which can occur during activities that involve throwing or swinging. Sports such as baseball, gymnastics, and golf are frequently associated with this type of injury. In addition, a direct blow to the elbow or a fall onto an outstretched hand can also result in a fracture of the medial epicondyle.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of a medial epicondyle fracture include pain and tenderness over the inner elbow, swelling, and a reduced range of motion in the affected arm. Some individuals may also experience numbness or weakness in the hand and fingers if the injury affects the ulnar nerve, which runs close to the medial epicondyle.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a medial epicondyle fracture typically involves a physical examination and imaging tests. During the examination, a healthcare provider will assess the elbow for signs of injury, including pain, swelling, and deformity. X-rays are commonly used to confirm the presence of a fracture and to evaluate its severity. In some cases, additional imaging tests such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) or CT scan (Computed Tomography) may be recommended to assess the injury in greater detail.

Treatment

The treatment for a medial epicondyle fracture depends on the severity of the fracture. Non-displaced fractures, where the bone pieces remain properly aligned, can often be treated conservatively with immobilization. This involves using a cast or splint to keep the elbow in a fixed position for several weeks to allow the bone to heal. Pain management and ice may also be recommended to reduce swelling and discomfort.

Displaced fractures, where the bone pieces have moved out of alignment, may require surgical intervention. Surgery typically involves repositioning the bone fragments into their proper place and securing them with screws, pins, or wires. Following surgery, physical therapy is often recommended to restore strength and flexibility to the elbow.

Complications

If not treated properly, medial epicondyle fractures can lead to complications such as chronic elbow pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion. There is also a risk of damage to the ulnar nerve, which can result in numbness, tingling, or weakness in the hand and fingers.

Prevention

Preventing medial epicondyle fractures involves taking precautions during sports and physical activities. This includes using proper technique, wearing appropriate protective gear, and avoiding overuse of the elbow. Strengthening and flexibility exercises for the arm and elbow can also help reduce the risk of injury.