Mediastinal emphysema

Mediastinal Emphysema also known as Pneumomediastinum, is a medical condition characterized by the presence of air or gas in the mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity.

Causes

Mediastinal emphysema can occur due to a variety of causes. It can be a result of trauma to the chest, such as a blunt force injury or a penetrating chest wound. It can also occur as a complication of certain medical procedures, such as bronchoscopy or tracheostomy. In some cases, it can be caused by certain medical conditions, such as asthma, COPD, or pneumonia.

Symptoms

The symptoms of mediastinal emphysema can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and difficulty swallowing. In severe cases, it can cause life-threatening complications, such as cardiac tamponade or tension pneumothorax.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of mediastinal emphysema is typically made based on a combination of clinical symptoms and imaging studies. Chest X-ray and CT scan of the chest are commonly used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

The treatment of mediastinal emphysema depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In mild cases, it may be managed with observation and supportive care. In more severe cases, it may require hospitalization and potentially surgical intervention.

See also

• Subcutaneous emphysema
• Pneumothorax
• Barotrauma