Melatonin as a medication and supplement

Melatonin

Melatonin is a hormone that is primarily released by the pineal gland that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. As a medication and supplement, melatonin is used to treat various sleep disorders and is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid.

Medical Uses

Melatonin is commonly used for the treatment of insomnia, particularly in older adults. It is also used to manage jet lag, shift work sleep disorder, and delayed sleep phase disorder. In some cases, melatonin is used to help children with sleep disorders, especially those with autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Mechanism of Action

Melatonin works by binding to melatonin receptors in the brain, which helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle. It is involved in the synchronization of the circadian rhythms, including the timing of sleep, blood pressure regulation, and seasonal reproduction.

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of melatonin can vary depending on the condition being treated, the age of the patient, and other factors. For adults, doses typically range from 0.5 mg to 5 mg taken before bedtime. For children, lower doses are usually recommended.

Side Effects

Common side effects of melatonin include drowsiness, headache, dizziness, and nausea. In some cases, it can cause more serious side effects such as mood changes, vivid dreams, and daytime drowsiness. It is important to consult a healthcare provider before starting melatonin, especially for long-term use.

Interactions

Melatonin can interact with various medications, including blood thinners, immunosuppressants, diabetes medications, and birth control pills. It is important to discuss all medications and supplements with a healthcare provider to avoid potential interactions.

Contraindications

Melatonin should be used with caution in individuals with autoimmune diseases, seizure disorders, and depression. It is also not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women without medical advice.

Related Pages

• Pineal gland
• Insomnia
• Circadian rhythm
• Jet lag
• Autism spectrum disorder
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder