Melilotus officinalis

Melilotus officinalis, also known as yellow sweet clover, yellow melilot, ribbed melilot and common melilot, is a species of legume native to Eurasia and introduced in North America, Africa, and Australia. It belongs to the family Fabaceae and the genus Melilotus.

Description

Melilotus officinalis is a biennial plant that grows to a height of 4-6 feet. It has a deep taproot system and a smooth, erect stem. The leaves are trifoliate, with serrated edges. The flowers are small, yellow, and fragrant, arranged in a raceme. The fruit is a small, black pod containing a single seed.

Distribution and Habitat

Melilotus officinalis is native to Eurasia but has been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America, Africa, and Australia. It is commonly found in disturbed areas such as roadsides, fields, and waste places. It prefers well-drained soils and full sun exposure.

Uses

Melilotus officinalis has been used for various purposes throughout history. It has been used as a forage crop for livestock due to its high protein content. It is also used in traditional medicine for its purported healing properties. The plant contains coumarin, a chemical compound that has anticoagulant properties. However, when the plant is spoiled or fermented, coumarin can convert to dicoumarol, a potent anticoagulant toxin.

Cultivation

Melilotus officinalis is a hardy plant that can grow in a variety of soil types, although it prefers well-drained soils. It is drought-tolerant and can grow in areas with low fertility. It is usually propagated by seeds, which are sown in the spring or autumn.

Conservation Status

Melilotus officinalis is not considered a threatened species. However, in some areas where it has been introduced, it is considered an invasive species due to its ability to outcompete native plants.

See Also

• Melilotus albus
• Melilotus indicus

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