Animal magnetism

Animal magnetism, also known as mesmerism, is a term coined by the German doctor Franz Mesmer in the 18th century. Mesmer believed that there was a natural energetic transference that occurred between all animated and inanimate objects that he called "animal magnetism", sometimes later referred to as mesmerism. The theory attracted a wide following between about 1780 and 1850, and continued to have some influence until the end of the century.

History

Franz Mesmer (1734–1815) was a German doctor with an interest in astronomy. He theorised the existence of a natural energy transference occurring between all animated and inanimate objects; this he called "animal magnetism". Mesmer's ideas became popular in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Theory

Mesmer's theory of animal magnetism held that certain individuals have a powerful magnetic fluid in their bodies that influences disease. He believed that this magnetic fluid could be manipulated to treat illness.

Influence

Animal magnetism had a significant influence on the emerging field of psychology, particularly in the areas of hypnosis and psychoanalysis. It also influenced the development of spiritualism and theosophy.

Criticism

Critics of animal magnetism argue that there is no scientific evidence to support the existence of a magnetic fluid in the human body. They also point out that many of the effects attributed to animal magnetism can be explained by suggestion or the placebo effect.

See also

• Franz Mesmer
• Hypnosis
• Psychoanalysis
• Spiritualism
• Theosophy