Messenger

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid.

Structure

Messenger RNA is a single-stranded molecule, with a structure that is much like a half-DNA ladder. It is transcribed from DNA and translated into protein. The structure of mRNA includes a series of codons that dictate to the cell the sequence of amino acids needed to form a specific protein.

Function

The main function of mRNA is to act as an intermediary between the genetic information in DNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins. It does this by carrying the coding information to the sites of protein synthesis, the ribosomes in the cell.

Synthesis

The synthesis of mRNA from DNA is known as transcription. During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand.

Processing

After transcription, mRNA is processed before it is able to be translated into protein. This processing includes the addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail, which protect the mRNA from degradation and aid in the export of the mRNA from the nucleus.

See also

• Transcription (genetics)
• Translation (biology)
• Protein synthesis
• RNA polymerase
• Ribosome

Messenger Resources
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