Metatarsal

Metatarsal

The metatarsals are a group of five long bones in the foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsals are numbered from the medial side (the side of the big toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal (often depicted with Roman numerals).

Structure

The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand. The lengths of the metatarsals are relatively constant between individuals, with the first metatarsal being the shortest and the second being the longest.

Parts

Each metatarsal has a base at the proximal end, a shaft in the middle, and a head at the distal end. The base articulates with one or more of the tarsal bones. The head articulates with one of the proximal phalanges. The shaft is prismoid in form, and curved, so as to be convex in the longitudinal direction behind, concave in front.

Function

The metatarsals contribute to the three arches of the foot which serve as a shock absorber and the lever arm for propulsion. The body weight is distributed evenly across the metatarsals.

Clinical significance

Injuries to the metatarsal bones are common and can be either acute or chronic, the latter due to repetitive overuse. Metatarsal and phalangeal fractures are the most common fractures of the foot and ankle.

See also

• Metatarsal bones
• Metatarsus adductus
• Metatarsalgia
• Metatarsus
• Foot

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