Metatarsal stress fracture

Metatarsal Stress Fracture

A metatarsal stress fracture is a common injury characterized by a small crack or severe bruising within one of the metatarsal bones, which are a group of five long bones in the foot located between the ankle and the toes. This condition is frequently seen in athletes, military recruits, and individuals engaging in high-impact activities such as running, basketball, and soccer.

Causes

Metatarsal stress fractures are primarily caused by overuse and repetitive force on the foot. This can result from a sudden increase in physical activity, improper footwear, or biomechanical abnormalities that place excessive stress on the metatarsal bones. Conditions such as osteoporosis can also predispose individuals to stress fractures by weakening the bones, making them more susceptible to breaks.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of a metatarsal stress fracture is pain in the forefoot that worsens with activity and improves with rest. Swelling, bruising, and tenderness over a specific area of the foot are also common. In some cases, individuals may experience difficulty walking or performing activities that place pressure on the foot.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a metatarsal stress fracture typically involves a medical history review and physical examination, followed by imaging tests. X-rays are often the first step, but they may not always detect the fracture until it has started to heal. For this reason, MRIs or bone scans are sometimes recommended, as they can identify stress fractures more accurately in the early stages.

Treatment

The primary treatment for a metatarsal stress fracture is rest and avoidance of activities that place stress on the foot. This may involve the use of crutches or a protective boot to reduce weight-bearing on the affected foot. Ice, elevation, and over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage pain and swelling. In most cases, the fracture heals with conservative treatment within six to eight weeks. However, severe fractures may require surgical intervention to ensure proper healing.

Prevention

Preventive measures for metatarsal stress fractures include wearing appropriate footwear, gradually increasing the intensity and duration of physical activities, and incorporating strength training and flexibility exercises into regular workout routines. It is also important for individuals with known risk factors, such as osteoporosis, to manage their condition to reduce the risk of fractures.

See Also

• Bone fracture
• Osteoporosis
• Sports medicine

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