Methylamphetamine

Methylamphetamine (also known as methamphetamine, meth, crystal meth, crystal, and ice) is a potent central nervous system stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.

Chemistry

Methylamphetamine is a member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. It has a role as a neurotoxin, a psychotropic drug, a central nervous system stimulant, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a dopaminergic agent. It is a member of amphetamines and a methylating agent.

Pharmacology

Methylamphetamine works by increasing the amount of the natural chemical dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is involved in body movement, motivation, and reinforcement of rewarding behaviors. The drug’s ability to rapidly release high levels of dopamine in reward areas of the brain strongly reinforces drug-taking behavior, making the user want to repeat the experience.

Effects

The effects of methylamphetamine can last a very long time. Users may become anxious and nervous, and in rare cases, high doses can cause severe health problems and even death.

Health Risks

Long-term methylamphetamine abuse has many negative consequences, including extreme weight loss, severe dental problems (“meth mouth”), anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mood disturbances, and violent behavior. Chronic users may also suffer from significant psychological damage, including paranoia, hallucinations, and delusions (for example, the sensation of insects crawling under the skin).

Treatment

Treatment for methylamphetamine abuse may involve behavioral therapies such as cognitive-behavioral and contingency-management interventions. Also, treatment may include medication-assisted treatment, where medications are used in combination with counseling and behavioral therapies.

See Also

• Amphetamine
• Dopamine
• Central nervous system
• Neurotoxin
• Psychotropic drug