Metsovo lung

Metsovo Lung, also known as Metsovian Lung or Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN), is a rare disease primarily affecting the respiratory and renal systems. It is named after the town of Metsovo in Greece, where the disease was first identified among the local population. This condition is characterized by progressive lung and kidney damage, leading to severe health complications if left untreated. The exact cause of Metsovo Lung remains unclear, but it is believed to be linked to environmental factors and genetic predisposition.

Causes and Risk Factors

The primary cause of Metsovo Lung is thought to be prolonged exposure to environmental toxins, particularly aflatoxins, which are produced by molds found in stored grains and other food products. Additionally, the consumption of contaminated water has been implicated in the development of the disease. Genetic factors also play a significant role, as the condition tends to occur within certain families and communities, suggesting a hereditary predisposition.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Metsovo Lung can vary but typically include chronic cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, and weight loss. As the disease progresses, patients may develop more severe respiratory issues, including pulmonary fibrosis and reduced lung function. Kidney involvement can lead to nephropathy, manifesting as hypertension, edema, and in advanced stages, renal failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Metsovo Lung involves a comprehensive evaluation, including patient history, physical examination, and specific diagnostic tests. Imaging studies such as chest X-rays and CT scans are used to assess lung damage, while kidney function is evaluated through blood tests and urinalysis. Biopsy procedures may also be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of organ involvement.

Treatment

Treatment for Metsovo Lung focuses on managing symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease. This may include medications to alleviate respiratory symptoms, such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids, as well as treatments aimed at protecting kidney function. In severe cases, patients may require oxygen therapy or even lung transplantation. Preventive measures, including avoiding exposure to known environmental toxins and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, are also important.

Epidemiology

Metsovo Lung is considered a rare disease, with cases primarily reported in the Balkan region, especially in rural areas of Greece, Bulgaria, and Romania. The prevalence of the disease is higher among individuals living in close proximity to contaminated water sources and those with a family history of the condition.

Conclusion

Metsovo Lung represents a significant health challenge in affected regions, highlighting the importance of environmental health and the impact of genetic factors on disease development. Ongoing research is crucial to better understand the causes of this condition and to develop more effective treatments and preventive strategies.

NIH genetic and rare disease info

• NIH info on Metsovo lung

Metsovo lung is a rare disease.