Michael Spindler

Michael Spindler (born December 22, 1942) is a German-American business executive, best known for his tenure as the CEO of Apple from 1993 to 1996.

Early Life and Education

Spindler was born in Berlin, Germany. He earned a degree in Economics from the University of Hamburg and a Master's degree in Business Administration from the University of Southern California.

Career

Spindler began his career at Intel in the 1970s, where he worked in various managerial positions. In 1980, he joined Apple as the Vice President of European Operations. He was instrumental in expanding Apple's presence in Europe and was promoted to the position of Chief Operating Officer in 1990.

In 1993, Spindler succeeded John Sculley as the CEO of Apple. His tenure was marked by a series of strategic decisions aimed at improving the company's financial performance. However, these measures were not successful in reversing Apple's declining fortunes, and Spindler was replaced by Gil Amelio in 1996.

Legacy

Despite his unsuccessful tenure as CEO, Spindler's contributions to Apple's expansion in Europe are widely recognized. His leadership style and strategic decisions continue to be subjects of study in business schools.

See Also

• History of Apple Inc.
• List of CEOs of Apple Inc.