Monoacetylmorphine

Monoacetylmorphine (MAM) is a metabolite of heroin (diacetylmorphine), and is the compound responsible for the initial rapid and intense rush experienced by heroin users. It is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from the morphine found in the opium poppy.

Chemistry[edit | edit source]

Monoacetylmorphine is a monoester of morphine, meaning it is morphine with one acetyl group attached. This acetyl group allows the drug to pass more easily through the blood-brain barrier, resulting in a faster onset of effects compared to morphine itself.

Pharmacology[edit | edit source]

Monoacetylmorphine is metabolized in the body into morphine, which then acts on the mu-opioid receptor to produce its effects. These effects include analgesia, euphoria, sedation, and respiratory depression. The rapid onset of effects is due to the fact that monoacetylmorphine is more lipophilic than morphine, allowing it to cross the blood-brain barrier more easily.

Toxicity[edit | edit source]

The toxicity of monoacetylmorphine is similar to that of other opioids, with the primary risks being respiratory depression, addiction, and overdose. Due to its rapid onset of effects, monoacetylmorphine carries a higher risk of overdose compared to other opioids.

Detection[edit | edit source]

Monoacetylmorphine can be detected in urine, blood, and hair samples using various drug testing methods. It is often used as a marker for recent heroin use, as it is typically only detectable for a short period of time after use.