Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis

Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a condition characterized by the presence of abnormal B cells in the blood. It is not a disease, but rather a laboratory finding that is often discovered incidentally during routine blood tests. MBL is considered a precursor state to certain types of lymphoma, particularly chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Definition

Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis is defined by the presence of fewer than 5,000 monoclonal B-cells per microliter of blood, with no other signs or symptoms of lymphoproliferative disorders. The B-cells are monoclonal, meaning they are all identical clones of a single original cell.

Types

There are two types of MBL: 'low-count' and 'high-count'. Low-count MBL is more common and is usually not associated with progression to CLL. High-count MBL, on the other hand, has a higher risk of progression to CLL, although this risk is still relatively low.

Risk Factors

The risk factors for developing MBL include age, with the condition being more common in older adults, and a family history of CLL or other lymphoproliferative disorders.

Diagnosis

MBL is usually discovered incidentally during routine blood tests. If MBL is suspected, a flow cytometry test can be used to confirm the diagnosis. This test can identify the abnormal B-cells and determine whether they are monoclonal.

Treatment

As MBL is not a disease, it does not require treatment. However, individuals with high-count MBL may be monitored closely for signs of progression to CLL.

See Also

• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• Lymphoma
• B cells
• Flow cytometry

Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis Resources
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