Monolinuron

Monolinuron is a herbicide that is used to control the growth of unwanted plants and weeds. It is a systemic herbicide, meaning it is absorbed by the plant and transported throughout its system, leading to the plant's death. Monolinuron is a member of the phenylurea class of herbicides, which also includes diuron and linuron.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Monolinuron is a white crystalline solid with the chemical formula C9H11ClN2O. It is slightly soluble in water and has a low volatility. The compound is stable under normal conditions but can decompose when heated. Its mode of action involves inhibiting photosynthesis in plants, specifically at photosystem II.

Uses

Monolinuron is primarily used in the control of broadleaf weeds and grasses in a variety of crops. It is applied pre-emergence or early post-emergence. The herbicide is also used in non-crop areas for total vegetation control.

Health Effects

Exposure to monolinuron can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure can lead to more serious health effects, including damage to the liver and kidneys. It is classified as a by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Environmental Impact

Monolinuron is moderately persistent in the environment and can leach into groundwater. It is toxic to aquatic organisms and can cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

Regulation

In the European Union, monolinuron has been banned since 2006 due to its high toxicity and potential for bioaccumulation. In the United States, it is classified as a restricted use pesticide.

See Also

• Herbicide
• Phenylurea
• Diuron
• Linuron