Monolinuron

Monolinuron is a herbicide that is used to control the growth of unwanted plants and weeds. It is a systemic herbicide, meaning it is absorbed by the plant and transported throughout its system, leading to the plant's death. Monolinuron is a member of the phenylurea class of herbicides, which also includes diuron and linuron.

Chemical Structure and Properties[edit | edit source]

Monolinuron is a white crystalline solid with the chemical formula C9H11ClN2O. It is slightly soluble in water and has a low volatility. The compound is stable under normal conditions but can decompose when heated. Its mode of action involves inhibiting photosynthesis in plants, specifically at photosystem II.

Uses[edit | edit source]

Monolinuron is primarily used in the control of broadleaf weeds and grasses in a variety of crops. It is applied pre-emergence or early post-emergence. The herbicide is also used in non-crop areas for total vegetation control.

Health Effects[edit | edit source]

Exposure to monolinuron can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure can lead to more serious health effects, including damage to the liver and kidneys. It is classified as a by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Environmental Impact[edit | edit source]

Monolinuron is moderately persistent in the environment and can leach into groundwater. It is toxic to aquatic organisms and can cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

Regulation[edit | edit source]

In the European Union, monolinuron has been banned since 2006 due to its high toxicity and potential for bioaccumulation. In the United States, it is classified as a restricted use pesticide.