Monoxide

Monoxide is a type of oxide where the oxygen atom is bonded to exactly one other element. Most monoxides are stable and occur naturally in the environment. They are often colorless, odorless, and tasteless gases that are nonflammable and nontoxic. However, some monoxides, such as carbon monoxide, can be harmful or lethal to humans if inhaled in large amounts.

Chemical properties

Monoxides are formed when an element reacts with oxygen. The resulting compound has the formula MO, where M represents the other element. Monoxides are typically ionic in nature, with the oxygen atom carrying a -2 charge. However, some monoxides, such as those formed by transition metals, can be covalently bonded.

Examples

Some common examples of monoxides include:

• Carbon monoxide (CO): A colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to humans and animals when encountered in higher concentrations.
• Nitric oxide (NO): A free radical and is an important signaling molecule in the body of mammals, including humans. It is also an air pollutant produced by cigarette smoke, automobile engines, and power plants.
• Sulfur monoxide (SO): A compound that is not stable at room temperature. It is a radical and mostly observed in the gas phase.

Health effects

The health effects of monoxides depend on the specific type of monoxide and the amount inhaled. For example, carbon monoxide can cause headaches, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion in small amounts. In large amounts, it can cause loss of consciousness and death.

See also

• Dioxide
• Oxide
• Oxygen

Monoxide Resources
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