Morus mongolica

11648 Botany L 1613542

Morus mongolica, commonly known as the Mongolian mulberry, is a species of mulberry tree in the Moraceae family. It is native to certain regions of Mongolia and possibly adjacent areas of China, where it thrives in temperate climates. This species is part of the diverse and ecologically important genus Morus, which includes trees known for their fruit, the mulberries, and for their leaves, which serve as the primary food source for silkworms (Bombyx mori), crucial for silk production.

Description

Morus mongolica is a deciduous tree that can grow to a height of 10-15 meters. It has a broad crown and a sturdy trunk with bark that is deeply fissured and dark brown in color. The leaves of the Mongolian mulberry are alternately arranged, broad, and can vary in shape from ovate to lobed, often with serrated margins. In spring, the tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are grouped in catkins. These flowers are followed by the fruit, which is a composite of several small drupelets, typically dark purple to black when ripe, and is edible and sweet.

Habitat and Distribution

Morus mongolica is adapted to a range of temperate climates and is found in Mongolia and possibly in adjacent northern regions of China. It prefers well-drained, loamy soils and can be found in forests, forest edges, and along riverbanks. Its exact distribution is not well-documented, reflecting the need for further botanical study.

Ecological Role

The Mongolian mulberry plays a significant role in its ecosystem. Its fruits are a source of food for various bird species and small mammals, which in turn help in seed dispersal. The leaves serve as a habitat and food source for certain insects, including the larvae of some butterfly and moth species.

Uses

While not as widely cultivated as other mulberry species like Morus alba (white mulberry) or Morus nigra (black mulberry), Morus mongolica has several uses. Its fruits are edible and can be consumed fresh or used in jams, desserts, and wines. The wood of the Mongolian mulberry is durable and has been used in traditional carpentry and tool making. In some regions, the leaves may also be used as fodder for livestock.

Conservation

Information on the conservation status of Morus mongolica is limited. However, like many species with a narrow geographic range, it could be susceptible to habitat loss and climate change. Efforts to document its distribution and status, as well as to conserve its habitat, are important for its preservation.

See Also

• Mulberry
• Silkworm
• Moraceae
• Silk production