Muxe

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Lukas Avendano. Zapotec Muxe from Tehuantepec Oaxaca Mexico

Muxe is a term used in the Zapotec culture of the Oaxaca region in Mexico to describe individuals who are assigned male at birth but who dress and behave in ways associated with the female gender. They are considered a third gender within their communities and play significant roles both socially and economically. The concept of Muxe is a vivid example of how gender identity and roles can vary significantly across different cultures and historical periods.

Origin and Etymology

The word "Muxe" (pronounced MOO-shey) is believed to derive from the Spanish word "mujer" meaning woman. The Zapotec culture, which predates Spanish colonization, has long recognized the existence of more than two genders, suggesting that the concept of Muxe may have ancient origins, although the term itself might have been influenced by Spanish language and culture.

Cultural Significance

In Zapotec communities, Muxes are often highly respected. They are known for their unique contributions to the community, including their work in the arts, crafts, and commerce. Muxes are also frequently involved in organizing community events and religious festivities, which are central to the social life of the region.

Muxes have historically faced less stigma and discrimination in their communities compared to the broader Mexican society, where machismo culture can marginalize those who do not conform to traditional gender roles. However, this is not to say that Muxes are completely free from discrimination or that their experience is uniform across all Zapotec communities.

Gender and Sexuality

The identity of Muxe is distinct from that of being transgender or gay, although there can be overlaps. Muxes may or may not undergo medical or surgical transition processes. Their identity is more closely tied to their role within their communities than to their sexual orientation or any physical transformation.

Contemporary Recognition

In recent years, the Muxe community has gained international attention, highlighting the diversity of gender expressions and identities around the world. This visibility has led to a broader conversation about the rights and recognition of LGBTQ+ communities in Mexico and beyond.

Despite this increased visibility, Muxes continue to face challenges, including discrimination and violence. However, their resilience and the support within their communities have allowed them to maintain their cultural practices and identities.

See Also

• Gender in Mexico
• Third gender
• LGBT rights in Mexico
• Two-Spirit, a similar concept among some Indigenous peoples in North America