N'-formylkynurenine

N'-formylkynurenine is an intermediate compound in the metabolism of tryptophan, an essential amino acid. It is formed from tryptophan through the action of the enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) or indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO).

Structure and Properties

N'-formylkynurenine is a carboxylic acid with a formyl group attached to the nitrogen atom of the kynurenine molecule. It is a polar compound due to the presence of the carboxylic acid and formyl groups, which also make it soluble in water.

Role in Tryptophan Metabolism

In the metabolism of tryptophan, N'-formylkynurenine is an important intermediate. The conversion of tryptophan to N'-formylkynurenine is the first and rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway, which is the major route of tryptophan degradation in the body. This step is catalyzed by the enzymes TDO and IDO.

Tryptophan metabolism. N'-formylkynurenine is formed from tryptophan by the action of TDO or IDO.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the levels of N'-formylkynurenine and other kynurenine pathway metabolites have been associated with various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and immune disorders. In particular, increased activity of IDO and elevated levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites are often observed in cancer patients and are thought to contribute to immune suppression.

See Also

• Tryptophan
• Kynurenine pathway
• Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
• Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase