NODAL
NODAL is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NODAL gene. NODAL is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily of secreted proteins, which are involved in a wide range of biological processes including cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions.
Function[edit | edit source]
NODAL plays crucial roles in embryogenesis and organogenesis. It is particularly important in the formation of the anterior-posterior axis and the development of left-right asymmetry. In addition, NODAL signaling is involved in the maintenance of pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The NODAL protein is a dimer that is processed from a precursor protein. The mature form of the protein contains a cysteine knot motif, which is a characteristic feature of the TGFβ superfamily.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Mutations in the NODAL gene have been associated with several diseases, including heterotaxy, a condition characterized by randomization of the left-right body axis, and congenital heart defects. In addition, aberrant NODAL signaling has been implicated in the progression of certain types of cancer, including breast cancer and melanoma.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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