Nasal decongestant

Nasal decongestants are a type of pharmaceutical drug used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract. The active ingredient in most decongestants is either pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine.

Mechanism of action

Nasal decongestants work by constricting the blood vessels in the lining of the nose. This reduces blood flow to the area, which in turn reduces the swelling and congestion.

Types of nasal decongestants

There are two main types of nasal decongestants: oral and topical. Oral decongestants are taken by mouth, while topical decongestants are applied directly to the inside of the nose.

Oral decongestants

Oral decongestants are usually in pill or liquid form. They are often combined with other medications in cold and flu remedies. The most common active ingredients in oral decongestants are pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine.

Topical decongestants

Topical decongestants are usually in the form of nasal sprays, drops, or gels. They provide quick relief of nasal congestion, but their effects are temporary. The most common active ingredients in topical decongestants are oxymetazoline, xylometazoline, and naphazoline.

Side effects

Like all medications, nasal decongestants can cause side effects. These may include insomnia, nervousness, dizziness, and increased blood pressure. Prolonged use of topical decongestants can lead to a condition known as rhinitis medicamentosa, or rebound congestion.

See also

• Antihistamine
• Cough medicine
• Expectorant

Nasal decongestant Resources
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