Nasal septal abscess

Nasal Septal Abscess is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of pus between the nasal septum's cartilage or bone and the mucoperichondrium or mucoperiosteum. This condition is relatively rare but requires immediate medical attention due to the potential for serious complications. Nasal septal abscesses are often secondary to nasal trauma, infections of the nose, or after surgical procedures involving the nasal septum.

Causes

The primary cause of a nasal septal abscess is the introduction of bacteria into the septal hematoma that develops after an injury to the nose. This can occur from direct trauma to the face, surgical procedures, or through the spread of infection from adjacent structures such as the teeth or sinuses. Common bacteria involved include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a nasal septal abscess include:

• Pain and swelling in the nasal area
• Fever
• Nasal congestion
• Difficulty breathing through the nose
• A sense of pressure or fullness in the nose or face
• Purulent (pus-like) discharge from the nose

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a nasal septal abscess involves a thorough history and physical examination, focusing on recent nasal trauma or infections. Imaging studies, such as a computed tomography (CT) scan, may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the abscess.

Treatment

Treatment of a nasal septal abscess typically involves antibiotics to address the infection and surgical drainage of the abscess. Early treatment is crucial to prevent complications such as destruction of the cartilaginous nasal septum, which can lead to a saddle nose deformity, or the spread of infection to adjacent structures, including the brain.

Complications

If not treated promptly, a nasal septal abscess can lead to serious complications, including:

• Saddle nose deformity
• Cellulitis of the face
• Orbital cellulitis
• Intracranial complications such as meningitis or brain abscess

Prevention

Prevention of nasal septal abscesses primarily involves prompt treatment of nasal hematomas and infections, as well as protective measures to avoid nasal trauma.