Nasopalatine duct cyst
A detailed article on nasopalatine duct cysts
Nasopalatine Duct Cyst[edit | edit source]
The nasopalatine duct cyst (NPDC), also known as the incisive canal cyst, is a non-odontogenic cyst that occurs in the maxilla. It is the most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity. This cyst arises from epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct, which is an embryonic structure involved in the development of the nasal cavity and oral cavity.
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Nasopalatine duct cysts are most commonly found in adults, typically between the ages of 40 and 60. There is a slight male predominance. These cysts are rare in children.
Pathogenesis[edit | edit source]
The nasopalatine duct cyst develops from epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct. During embryonic development, the nasopalatine duct connects the nasal and oral cavities. After birth, this duct usually regresses, but remnants can persist and give rise to cysts.
Clinical Features[edit | edit source]
Patients with a nasopalatine duct cyst may present with a swelling in the anterior palate, often near the incisive papilla. The cyst can cause discomfort or pain, and in some cases, it may lead to drainage or infection. Radiographically, the cyst appears as a well-defined radiolucency between the roots of the maxillary central incisors.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of a nasopalatine duct cyst is typically made through clinical examination and radiographic imaging. A panoramic radiograph or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan can help visualize the cyst. A definitive diagnosis is often confirmed by histopathological examination after surgical removal.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The treatment of choice for a nasopalatine duct cyst is surgical enucleation. This involves the complete removal of the cyst to prevent recurrence. The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for patients with a nasopalatine duct cyst is excellent following surgical removal. Recurrence is rare if the cyst is completely excised.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
