Neck of the humerus

Neck of the Humerus

The neck of the humerus is a significant anatomical feature located in the upper arm. It serves as a crucial area for the attachment of various muscles and ligaments, playing a vital role in the mobility and stability of the shoulder joint. The neck of the humerus is divided into two main parts: the anatomical neck and the surgical neck, each with distinct characteristics and clinical relevance.

Anatomical Neck

The anatomical neck of the humerus is a slight constriction immediately distal to the head of the humerus. It marks the former site of the epiphyseal plate and is surrounded by the articular capsule of the shoulder joint. The anatomical neck is less frequently involved in fractures compared to the surgical neck but is of significant importance due to the numerous blood vessels that supply the head of the humerus, running in the periosteum covering this area.

Surgical Neck

The surgical neck of the humerus is located distal to the anatomical neck and tubercles. It is a common site for fractures, particularly in older individuals, due to its narrow and weaker structure. Fractures of the surgical neck can lead to complications such as axillary nerve damage and disruption of the humeral arterial supply, potentially affecting the function of the arm and shoulder.

Clinical Significance

Fractures of the neck of the humerus are common and can significantly impact the shoulder's function. The management of these fractures depends on various factors, including the type of fracture, the patient's age, and overall health. Treatment options range from conservative management with immobilization to surgical interventions such as open reduction and internal fixation or shoulder arthroplasty in severe cases.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation following a fracture of the neck of the humerus is crucial for restoring function. Physical therapy focuses on exercises to improve range of motion, strength, and flexibility of the shoulder. The specific rehabilitation protocol may vary depending on the severity of the fracture and the treatment method employed.

See Also

• Humerus
• Shoulder joint
• Fracture
• Physical therapy