Necrozoospermia

Necrozoospermia is a condition characterized by a high percentage of non-living (sperm) in a man's semen. This condition is significant in the field of reproductive health and infertility as it directly impacts a man's ability to father biological children. The diagnosis of necrozoospermia is made when the vitality of sperm, or the percentage of live sperm, is significantly lower than normal in a semen analysis.

Causes

The causes of necrozoospermia are varied and can include genetic factors, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions. Some of the common causes include:

• Genetic disorders that affect sperm production or function
• Infections that can impact the reproductive tract, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Exposure to certain toxins or radiation
• Varicocele, a condition where the veins inside the scrotum become enlarged
• Lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and drug use
• Hormonal imbalances
• Autoimmune disorders where the body's immune system attacks its own cells, including sperm

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of necrozoospermia involves a detailed medical history, physical examination, and most importantly, analysis of the semen. A semen analysis is the key diagnostic test where the semen's volume, pH, concentration of sperm, motility, and vitality are assessed. In cases of necrozoospermia, the vitality test, which measures the percentage of live sperm, is particularly crucial. Additional tests may include hormonal profiles and genetic testing to identify underlying causes.

Treatment

Treatment for necrozoospermia depends on the underlying cause. Options may include:

• Medication to treat infections or hormonal imbalances
• Surgery for conditions like varicocele
• Lifestyle changes, including quitting smoking and reducing alcohol intake
• Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), where a single live sperm is injected directly into an egg

Prognosis

The prognosis for necrozoospermia varies depending on the cause and the treatment options available. In many cases, with appropriate treatment, couples can achieve pregnancy, especially with the help of ART.

See Also

• Infertility
• Semen analysis
• Varicocele
• In vitro fertilization