Neotropical realm

Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. Defined by its unique flora and fauna, it covers South America, Central America, the Caribbean, and southern parts of Mexico. It is distinguished from other realms by its tropical and subtropical ecosystems, which host a diverse array of species, many of which are endemic to this region.

Overview

The Neotropical realm is characterized by its rich biodiversity and complex ecosystems, ranging from lush rainforests, such as the Amazon, to vast grasslands, like the Pampas, and diverse mountain ranges, including the Andes. This realm is home to a significant proportion of the world's plant and animal species, making it a critical area for conservation efforts.

Flora and Fauna

The flora of the Neotropical realm includes a wide variety of plant species, with significant numbers of endemic plants. Notable plant families include Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, and Arecaceae (palms). The fauna is equally diverse, with emblematic mammals such as the jaguar (Panthera onca), the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), and various species of New World monkeys. Avian life is rich, featuring species like the harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) and the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus). The realm also boasts an impressive array of reptiles, amphibians, and freshwater fishes.

Conservation

The Neotropical realm faces significant environmental threats, including deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and climate change. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect its biodiversity. Protected areas, such as national parks and wildlife reserves, play a vital role in these efforts. Additionally, international and local conservation organizations are working to promote sustainable land-use practices and raise awareness about the importance of preserving the Neotropical realm's ecosystems.

See Also

• Biogeography
• Biodiversity
• Conservation biology
• Ecosystem
• Endemism