New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission

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NYYC NYC Landmark Plaque - 2004

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Public Theatre Astor Library Building from south

New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) is a New York City agency charged with protecting and preserving the city's architecturally, historically, and culturally significant buildings and sites. Established in 1965, following the destruction of the historic Pennsylvania Station, the LPC plays a crucial role in maintaining the character and heritage of New York City.

History

The LPC was created in response to growing public concern over the loss of New York City's architectural heritage, epitomized by the demolition of the original Pennsylvania Station in 1963. This event galvanized preservationists and led to the enactment of the New York City Landmarks Law on April 19, 1965. The law established the LPC and gave it the authority to designate landmarks and historic districts within the city.

Function

The primary function of the LPC is to identify and designate New York City landmarks and historic districts. Once a building, structure, object, or site is designated as a landmark or located within a historic district, any proposed alterations, demolitions, or new constructions affecting the designated landmark or district must receive approval from the LPC. This process ensures that changes respect the historical and architectural significance of the landmark or district.

Designation Process

The designation process involves several steps, including research, public hearings, and deliberation by the LPC commissioners. Property owners, community boards, and the public can nominate sites for landmark designation. After a thorough review and public input, the LPC votes on the designation. Designations can be appealed to the New York City Council, which can modify or overturn the LPC's decisions.

Types of Landmarks

The LPC designates individual landmarks, interior landmarks, scenic landmarks, and historic districts:

• Individual Landmarks are buildings, structures, objects, or sites that have special historical, cultural, or architectural significance.
• Interior Landmarks are designated interiors of buildings that are open to the public and possess exceptional architectural features.
• Scenic Landmarks are public parks and other open spaces of scenic or historic value.
• Historic Districts are areas with a significant concentration of buildings that collectively represent one or more aspects of the city's history.

Challenges and Criticisms

The LPC's work is not without challenges and criticisms. Property owners sometimes oppose landmark designation, arguing that it imposes undue restrictions and financial burdens. Additionally, there are concerns about the LPC's capacity to manage its extensive workload and the transparency of its decision-making process.

Impact

Despite these challenges, the LPC has made significant contributions to preserving New York City's architectural and historical heritage. It has designated more than 36,000 buildings and sites, including iconic landmarks such as the Empire State Building, Grand Central Terminal, and the Brooklyn Bridge. These designations not only preserve the city's history but also contribute to its identity and attractiveness as a global destination.