Non-ionizing

Non-ionizing radiation refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy per quantum to ionize atoms or molecules—that is, to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule. Instead of producing charged ions when passing through matter, non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation has sufficient energy only for excitation, the movement of an electron to a higher energy state.

Types of Non-ionizing Radiation

Non-ionizing radiation can be classified into two types: High frequency or low frequency radiation. High frequency radiation includes ultraviolet (UV) radiation, light, and radio waves, while low frequency radiation includes extremely low frequency (ELF) radiation, and radio frequency (RF) radiation.

High Frequency Radiation

High frequency radiation includes ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and radio waves. Ultraviolet radiation is emitted by the Sun and artificial sources like tanning beds. While it has some beneficial effects, such as helping the body produce vitamin D, it can also cause harm, such as sunburn, cataracts, and skin cancer.

Low Frequency Radiation

Low frequency radiation includes extremely low frequency (ELF) radiation and radio frequency (RF) radiation. ELF radiation is generated by power lines, electrical wiring, and electrical appliances, while RF radiation is produced by wireless devices like cell phones and Wi-Fi equipment, as well as by broadcasting antennas.

Health Effects

The health effects of non-ionizing radiation depend on the frequency and intensity of the radiation. Some forms of non-ionizing radiation, such as ultraviolet radiation and certain radio frequencies, can cause health problems if exposure is high enough.

See Also

• Ionizing radiation
• Electromagnetic spectrum
• Radiation protection
• Radiation therapy

References

Non-ionizing Resources
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