Oblongata

Oblongata is a term often used in reference to the Medulla oblongata, a part of the brainstem. It is a crucial part of the human brain, responsible for regulating several important functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Anatomy

The oblongata or medulla oblongata is located in the brainstem, anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum. It is a cone-shaped neuronal mass responsible for autonomic (involuntary) functions ranging from vomiting to sneezing. The medulla contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and therefore deals with the autonomic functions of breathing, heart rate and blood pressure.

Function

The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions and connects the higher levels of the brain to the spinal cord. It also controls some of the muscles involved in swallowing and speech. It plays a role in the reflex control of heart rate, blood vessel contraction, and the other vital processes.

Clinical significance

Damage to the medulla oblongata can be deadly, because the person will be unable to breathe, swallow, or perform other basic motor functions without help. The medulla oblongata can also be affected by various diseases and conditions such as poliomyelitis, lateral medullary syndrome, and bulbar palsy.

See also

• Brainstem
• Pons
• Midbrain

References

Oblongata Resources
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