Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of complete or partial blockage of the upper airway during sleep. These episodes are often associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation and are usually followed by a brief arousal from sleep.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of OSAS include loud snoring, daytime sleepiness, and fatigue. Other symptoms may include restless sleep, nocturnal choking, and morning headaches. Many individuals with OSAS are unaware of their condition and it is often recognized by others witnessing the individual during episodes of the condition.

Causes

OSAS is caused by the collapse of the airway during sleep. This can be due to a number of factors including obesity, a large tongue, tonsils or uvula, a small jaw bone, or a large neck size. Other factors such as alcohol consumption, smoking, and the use of sedatives can also contribute to the development of OSAS.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of OSAS is usually made through a sleep study, known as a polysomnography. This involves monitoring a number of body functions during sleep including brain activity, eye movement, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Treatment

Treatment for OSAS can include lifestyle changes such as weight loss, avoidance of alcohol and smoking, and changing sleep positions. In more severe cases, treatments may include the use of a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine, oral appliances, or surgery.

Prognosis

If left untreated, OSAS can lead to a number of health problems including high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. However, with appropriate treatment, the prognosis for individuals with OSAS is generally good.

See Also

• Sleep Disorders
• Snoring
• Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
• Polysomnography

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