Sulzberger–Garbe syndrome

Sulzberger–Garbe syndrome
Synonyms	Prurigo nodularis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Itching, nodules on the skin
Complications	Infection due to scratching
Onset	Adulthood
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, possibly related to atopic dermatitis or lichen simplex chronicus
Risks	Atopy, eczema, allergic rhinitis
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, skin biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Lichen planus, dermatitis herpetiformis, cutaneous lymphoma
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, phototherapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, often chronic
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Stellwag's sign is a medical condition characterized by infrequent and incomplete blinking. It is named after the Austrian ophthalmologist, Carl Stellwag von Carion (1823–1904), who first described the condition. This sign is often associated with thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Stellwag's sign is a reduced rate of blinking. This can lead to dryness and discomfort in the eyes. In severe cases, it can cause damage to the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye.

Causes

Stellwag's sign is most commonly associated with thyroid eye disease. This is a condition in which the immune system attacks the muscles and other tissues around the eyes. It is most common in people with Graves' disease, a type of hyperthyroidism.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Stellwag's sign is typically made through a clinical examination. The doctor may observe the patient's blinking rate and ask about any symptoms of eye discomfort. Further tests may be needed to diagnose the underlying cause of the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for Stellwag's sign focuses on managing the underlying cause of the condition. This may involve medication to control thyroid hormone levels in cases of thyroid eye disease. Artificial tears or other treatments may be used to manage symptoms of dryness and discomfort in the eyes.

See also

• Thyroid eye disease
• Graves' disease
• Hyperthyroidism