Oligoarthritis

Oligoarthritis
Synonyms	Pauciarticular arthritis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Joint pain, joint swelling, stiffness
Complications	Joint damage, uveitis
Onset	Typically in childhood
Duration	Chronic
Types	Persistent, Extended
Causes	Autoimmune disease
Risks	Genetic predisposition, infections, environmental factors
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, imaging studies, blood tests
Differential diagnosis	Polyarthritis, Infectious arthritis, Reactive arthritis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	NSAIDs, corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity and response to treatment
Frequency	Common in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Deaths	N/A

Oligoarthritis is a type of arthritis that involves fewer than five joints in the first six months that the disease begins. It is one of the types of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but can also occur in adults.

Symptoms

The main symptom of oligoarthritis is pain and swelling in fewer than five joints. The most commonly affected joints are the knee, ankle, and wrist. Other symptoms may include fever, rash, and inflammation of the eye.

Causes

The exact cause of oligoarthritis is unknown, but it is thought to be a result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some people may have a genetic predisposition to the disease, which is then triggered by an environmental factor such as a virus or bacteria.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of oligoarthritis is based on the symptoms and a physical examination. The doctor may also order blood tests to check for inflammation and to rule out other types of arthritis. An MRI or ultrasound may be used to look at the affected joints.

Treatment

Treatment for oligoarthritis aims to reduce inflammation and pain, and to prevent joint damage. This may involve medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Physical therapy may also be recommended to help maintain joint function.

See also

• Arthritis
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Inflammation
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Corticosteroids
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug