Polyarthritis

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Polyarthritis[edit | edit source]

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Diagram of the human skeleton, often affected by polyarthritis

Polyarthritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of five or more joints simultaneously. It is a type of arthritis that can result from various underlying causes, including autoimmune diseases, infections, and other systemic conditions. Polyarthritis can lead to joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced mobility, significantly impacting a patient's quality of life.

Causes[edit | edit source]

Polyarthritis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks its own tissues, particularly the synovium, leading to joint inflammation.
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus: Another autoimmune disease that can cause widespread inflammation and tissue damage, including in the joints.
  • Psoriatic arthritis: A form of arthritis that affects some people with psoriasis, characterized by joint pain and swelling.
  • Infectious arthritis: Joint inflammation caused by an infection, such as bacterial or viral infections.
  • Gout: A type of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The symptoms of polyarthritis can vary depending on the underlying cause but generally include:

  • Joint pain and tenderness
  • Swelling and warmth in the affected joints
  • Stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity
  • Reduced range of motion
  • Fatigue and general malaise

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosing polyarthritis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Key diagnostic steps include:

Treatment[edit | edit source]

The treatment of polyarthritis depends on the underlying cause and may include:

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis for individuals with polyarthritis varies widely depending on the cause and severity of the condition. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent joint damage, improving the overall outcome for patients.

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD