Sjögren's

Sjögren's syndrome is a long-term autoimmune disease in which the moisture-producing glands of the body are affected. This results primarily in the development of a dry mouth and dry eyes. Other symptoms can include dry skin, a dry cough, vaginal dryness, numbness in the arms and legs, feeling tired, and joint and muscle pains.

Signs and symptoms

Sjögren's syndrome can damage vital organs of the body with symptoms that may plateau, worsen, or go into remission. Some people may experience only the mild symptoms of dry eyes and mouth, while others go through cycles of good health followed by severe disease. Many patients are able to treat problems symptomatically. Others are forced to cope with blurred vision, constant eye discomfort, recurrent mouth infections, swollen parotid glands, hoarseness, and difficulty in swallowing and eating.

Causes

The cause of Sjögren's syndrome is unknown, but it may be influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and possibly hormonal factors. It is an autoimmune disorder, characterized by the abnormal production of extra antibodies in the blood that are directed against various tissues of the body.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is by biopsy of moisture-producing glands. Other tests such as blood tests and imaging may also be done. One such test is the Schirmer's test, which measures the production of tears: a strip of filter paper is held inside the lower eyelid for five minutes, and its wetness is then measured with a ruler.

Treatment

Treatment is symptomatic, meaning it focuses on relieving symptoms, as there is currently no cure for Sjögren's syndrome. Artificial tears can help with the symptoms of dry eyes. If artificial tears are not enough, a doctor might suggest blocking the tear ducts with tiny silicone plugs or treating the eyes with prescription eye drops that help the eyes make more tears.

See also

• Autoimmune disease
• Dry mouth
• Dry eyes

References

Sjögren's Resources
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