Palindromic rheumatism

Palindromic rheumatism
Synonyms	Palindromic arthritis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Recurrent episodes of joint pain and swelling
Complications	May develop into rheumatoid arthritis
Onset	Typically between ages 20 and 50
Duration	Episodes last hours to days
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown
Risks	Family history, autoimmune disease
Diagnosis	Clinical evaluation, exclusion of other conditions
Differential diagnosis	Rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	NSAIDs, corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable; some develop chronic arthritis
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Palindromic rheumatism (PR) is a rare type of rheumatism that causes episodes of joint pain and swelling. The condition is named for its characteristic pattern of symptoms, which come and go in a palindromic (or "mirror-image") fashion.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of palindromic rheumatism is sudden and rapidly developing pain in one or more joints. This is often accompanied by redness, swelling, and a sensation of heat. The symptoms typically last for a few hours to a few days, and then disappear completely. The same pattern then repeats after a period of no symptoms.

Causes

The exact cause of palindromic rheumatism is unknown. However, it is thought to be related to an abnormal immune response. Some researchers believe that it may be triggered by an infection or other environmental factor in people who are genetically predisposed to the condition.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of palindromic rheumatism is based on the characteristic pattern of symptoms. There are no specific laboratory tests for the condition, but blood tests may be used to rule out other causes of joint pain.

Treatment

Treatment for palindromic rheumatism is aimed at relieving pain and reducing inflammation during episodes. This may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). In some cases, a medication called hydroxychloroquine may be used.

Prognosis

The prognosis for people with palindromic rheumatism is generally good. The condition does not cause permanent joint damage, and most people are able to manage their symptoms with treatment. However, some people with PR may eventually develop rheumatoid arthritis.

See also

• Rheumatism
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Joint pain