Onconase

Onconase (also known as Ranpirnase) is a ribonuclease enzyme that has been studied for its potential use in cancer therapy. It is derived from the leopard frog (Rana pipiens) and has been shown to have selective cytotoxicity towards tumor cells.

History

Onconase was first isolated in the 1980s from the oocytes of the leopard frog. Its potential as a cancer therapeutic was recognized due to its ability to degrade RNA, which is essential for cell survival and proliferation.

Mechanism of Action

Onconase is a ribonuclease, an enzyme that degrades RNA. It is thought to exert its anti-cancer effects by degrading the RNA of tumor cells, thereby inhibiting their ability to synthesize proteins and proliferate. Onconase has been shown to be particularly effective against cells that are rapidly dividing, such as cancer cells.

Clinical Trials

Several clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Onconase in the treatment of various types of cancer. These have included trials in mesothelioma, non-small cell lung cancer, and bladder cancer. While results have been promising, further research is needed to fully understand the potential of Onconase as a cancer therapeutic.

Side Effects

Like all drugs, Onconase can cause side effects. These can include nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. However, these side effects are generally manageable and are similar to those seen with other cancer therapies.

Future Directions

Research is ongoing to further understand the mechanism of action of Onconase and to explore its potential in the treatment of other types of cancer. There is also interest in developing Onconase analogs with improved efficacy and reduced side effects.