Oomycetes

Oomycetes are a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms. They are filamentous, microscopic, absorptive organisms that reproduce both sexually and asexually. Oomycetes are responsible for a variety of destructive plant diseases, and have caused significant historical famines, such as the Irish Potato Famine.

Classification

Oomycetes are part of the group Stramenopiles (also known as Heterokonts), which also includes diatoms, brown algae, and golden algae. They are typically classified in the order Peronosporales, in the kingdom Chromista.

Morphology

Oomycetes are characterized by a unique form of filamentous growth. Their hyphae are typically coenocytic, which means they lack septa, except for reproductive structures. They also produce distinctive sporangia, which can release zoospores in wet conditions.

Reproduction

Oomycetes reproduce both sexually and asexually. Asexual reproduction is via biflagellate zoospores produced in sporangia. Sexual reproduction involves the production of oospores following the fusion of an antheridium and an oogonium, hence the name "Oomycetes", which means "egg fungi".

Pathogenicity

Many Oomycetes are pathogenic and cause diseases in plants. Notable examples include Phytophthora infestans, which caused the Irish Potato Famine, and Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death.

Control

Control of Oomycetes involves a combination of cultural practices, such as crop rotation and sanitation, and the use of fungicides. However, resistance to fungicides is a significant problem in the management of diseases caused by these organisms.

See also

• Phytophthora
• Pythium
• Downy mildew

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