Opisthotonus
Opisthotonus[edit | edit source]
Opisthotonus or opisthotonos (from Ancient Greek: ὄπισθεν opisthen, meaning 'behind', and τόνος tonos, meaning 'tension') is a neurological condition characterized by extreme hyperextension and spasticity. In this state, an individual's head, neck, and spinal column enter into a pronounced arching or bridging position.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Opisthotonus can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:
- Meningitis
- Severe brain or spinal cord injuries
- Tetanus
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Certain metabolic disorders
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The primary symptom of opisthotonus is the extreme backward arching of the head, neck, and spine. Other symptoms may include:
- Muscle stiffness and spasms
- Difficulty breathing
- Pain
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of opisthotonus involves:
- Neurological examination
- Medical history review
- Diagnostic imaging like MRI or CT scans
- Lumbar puncture, if meningitis is suspected
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause and may include:
- Medications to relieve muscle stiffness and spasms
- Supportive care for breathing and feeding difficulties
- Physical therapy
External Links[edit | edit source]
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Opisthotonos
- NIH: Rare Diseases - Opisthotonos
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