Optical mammography

Optical Mammography is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses near-infrared spectroscopy to identify and monitor breast cancer. Unlike traditional mammography, which uses ionizing radiation, optical mammography uses light to detect changes in tissue composition and blood flow, which can indicate the presence of cancerous cells.

Overview

Optical mammography is based on the principle that light in the near-infrared spectrum can penetrate tissue and be absorbed by chromophores such as oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, water, and lipids. By measuring the absorption and scattering of light, it is possible to determine the concentration and distribution of these chromophores, which can provide valuable information about tissue health and function.

Procedure

During an optical mammography exam, the patient lies prone on a table with the breast positioned in a cup-like device. A light source emits near-infrared light, which penetrates the breast tissue and is absorbed by the chromophores. The light that is not absorbed is scattered and detected by sensors. The data is then processed to create a three-dimensional image of the breast.

Advantages and Limitations

One of the main advantages of optical mammography is that it does not use ionizing radiation, making it safer for repeated use. It can also provide functional information about tissue, such as blood flow and oxygenation, which can be useful in monitoring treatment response.

However, optical mammography also has limitations. The depth of penetration of near-infrared light is limited, making it less effective for imaging deep tissue or large breasts. It is also less sensitive than traditional mammography for detecting small calcifications, which are often an early sign of breast cancer.

Future Directions

Research is ongoing to improve the sensitivity and specificity of optical mammography. Techniques such as diffuse optical tomography and photoacoustic imaging are being explored to enhance image quality and provide more detailed information about tissue composition and function.