Ovarian cortex

Overview of the ovarian cortex

Ovarian Cortex

The ovarian cortex is the outer portion of the ovary, a key component of the female reproductive system. It plays a crucial role in the development and release of oocytes, or egg cells, during the process of ovulation. The cortex is composed of a dense layer of connective tissue and contains numerous follicles at various stages of development.

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Diagram of the ovary showing the ovarian cortex

Structure

The ovarian cortex is characterized by its dense stroma, which is rich in collagen fibers and contains fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and blood vessels. The stroma provides structural support and a microenvironment for the developing follicles. The outermost layer of the cortex is covered by a single layer of cuboidal epithelium known as the germinal epithelium. Beneath this layer lies the tunica albuginea, a thin layer of connective tissue that separates the germinal epithelium from the underlying stroma.

Follicles

The ovarian cortex contains numerous primordial follicles, each consisting of an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flattened granulosa cells. As a female reaches reproductive age, some of these primordial follicles begin to mature through a process known as folliculogenesis. This process involves the growth and differentiation of the follicles into primary follicles, secondary follicles, and eventually tertiary follicles or Graafian follicles.

During each menstrual cycle, typically one follicle reaches full maturity and undergoes ovulation, releasing an oocyte into the fallopian tube. The remaining follicles undergo a process called atresia, where they degenerate and are reabsorbed by the ovary.

Function

The primary function of the ovarian cortex is to house and nurture the developing follicles until they are ready for ovulation. The cortex also plays a role in the production of hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which are crucial for regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining pregnancy.

Related Pages

• Ovary
• Folliculogenesis
• Ovulation
• Menstrual cycle
• Female reproductive system