Ovotestis

Ovotestis refers to the presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue in the same individual. It is a condition that can occur in several different species, including humans. The term is derived from the words "ovo," meaning egg, and "testis," referring to the male gonad.

Overview

In humans, ovotestis is most commonly associated with disorders of sex development (DSD), previously known as intersex conditions. It is a rare condition, and its exact prevalence is unknown. The presence of ovotestis can lead to a variety of clinical presentations, depending on the individual's specific combination of ovarian and testicular tissue.

Causes

The development of ovotestis is thought to be due to abnormal sexual differentiation during fetal development. This can be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the known genetic causes include mutations in the SRY gene, which is responsible for initiating male sex determination, and the SOX9 gene, which plays a role in testis differentiation.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ovotestis can be challenging, as the condition can present with a wide range of clinical features. It is often diagnosed during surgery for ambiguous genitalia or during investigation for infertility. Diagnostic tests may include hormonal studies, imaging studies, and histological examination of gonadal tissue.

Treatment

Treatment for ovotestis is individualized, based on the person's specific clinical presentation and their personal wishes. It may include hormonal therapy, surgery to remove or reconstruct gonadal tissue, and psychological support.

See also

• Disorders of sex development
• Intersex
• Sexual differentiation
• SRY gene
• SOX9 gene

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