Oxypurinol

Oxypurinol.svg

Oxypurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and the primary active metabolite of allopurinol, a drug commonly used in the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. It plays a crucial role in reducing uric acid production in the body, thereby alleviating symptoms associated with these conditions.

Mechanism of Action

Oxypurinol functions by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is responsible for the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. By blocking this enzyme, oxypurinol effectively reduces the production of uric acid, which is the substance that crystallizes in joints and causes the painful symptoms of gout.

Pharmacokinetics

Oxypurinol is formed in the liver from allopurinol through the action of the enzyme xanthine oxidase. It has a longer half-life than allopurinol, which contributes to its sustained effect in the body. Oxypurinol is primarily excreted by the kidneys, and its clearance can be affected by renal function.

Clinical Use

Oxypurinol is used in patients who are intolerant to allopurinol due to hypersensitivity reactions. It is particularly beneficial in patients with chronic kidney disease, where the accumulation of uric acid can be problematic. The drug is administered orally and dosage adjustments may be necessary based on renal function.

Adverse Effects

While oxypurinol is generally well-tolerated, it can cause side effects similar to those of allopurinol, including skin rashes, gastrointestinal disturbances, and, rarely, hypersensitivity reactions. Patients with renal impairment may require careful monitoring to avoid toxicity.

Research and Development

Ongoing research is exploring the potential of oxypurinol in treating other conditions associated with oxidative stress and uric acid metabolism, such as cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease.

Also see

• Allopurinol
• Gout
• Hyperuricemia
• Xanthine oxidase
• Uric acid