Hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia

Introduction

Hyperuricemia refers to a condition characterized by elevated blood concentrations of uric acid, a waste product in the blood that can result from the breakdown of purines.

Pathophysiology

Chemical structure of uric acid.

Uric acid is typically filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine. Hyperuricemia occurs when there is an increase in uric acid production, a decrease in uric acid excretion, or a combination of both.

Causes

Common causes of hyperuricemia include:

• Genetic predisposition
• High-purine diet
• Obesity
• Certain medications (e.g., diuretics)
• Renal impairment
• Diseases like leukemia or psoriasis

Symptoms and Complications

While hyperuricemia itself is often asymptomatic, it can lead to serious complications like:

• Gout
• Kidney stones
• Renal dysfunction

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hyperuricemia is usually made through blood tests that measure uric acid levels.

Treatment

Treatment focuses on reducing uric acid levels through:

• Medications (e.g., allopurinol, febuxostat)
• Dietary modifications to reduce purine intake
• Weight loss and lifestyle changes
• Increased fluid intake

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption
• Limiting intake of high-purine foods
• Staying well-hydrated

Epidemiology

Hyperuricemia is a common condition, particularly among men and postmenopausal women, and its prevalence has been increasing worldwide.

See Also

• Renal function
• Metabolic syndrome
• Diet and nutrition

External Links

• Mayo Clinic - Gout
• National Kidney Foundation - Hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia Resources
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