Oxytocin receptor

Oxytocin receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OXTR gene. It belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family, and is specifically activated by the neurotransmitter oxytocin.

Function

The oxytocin receptor plays a crucial role in the neuroendocrine system, regulating a variety of physiological and behavioral processes. These include uterine contraction during childbirth, milk ejection during lactation, and social bonding behaviors. The receptor is also involved in a range of psychological phenomena, such as stress regulation, mood, and social recognition.

Structure

The oxytocin receptor is a transmembrane protein, meaning it spans the cell membrane. It consists of seven transmembrane domains, typical of G protein-coupled receptors. Upon binding to oxytocin, the receptor undergoes a conformational change, which triggers the activation of the associated G protein.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the OXTR gene have been associated with a variety of disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, and depression. Furthermore, variations in the gene have been linked to differences in social behavior and personality traits.

Research

Research on the oxytocin receptor has focused on its role in social behavior and its potential as a therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders. Studies have also investigated the effects of oxytocin receptor antagonists, which block the action of oxytocin, and agonists, which mimic its effects.

See also

• Oxytocin
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Neuroendocrine system

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