Oxytocin receptor
Oxytocin receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OXTR gene. It belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family, and is specifically activated by the neurotransmitter oxytocin.
Function[edit | edit source]
The oxytocin receptor plays a crucial role in the neuroendocrine system, regulating a variety of physiological and behavioral processes. These include uterine contraction during childbirth, milk ejection during lactation, and social bonding behaviors. The receptor is also involved in a range of psychological phenomena, such as stress regulation, mood, and social recognition.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The oxytocin receptor is a transmembrane protein, meaning it spans the cell membrane. It consists of seven transmembrane domains, typical of G protein-coupled receptors. Upon binding to oxytocin, the receptor undergoes a conformational change, which triggers the activation of the associated G protein.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Mutations in the OXTR gene have been associated with a variety of disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, and depression. Furthermore, variations in the gene have been linked to differences in social behavior and personality traits.
Research[edit | edit source]
Research on the oxytocin receptor has focused on its role in social behavior and its potential as a therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders. Studies have also investigated the effects of oxytocin receptor antagonists, which block the action of oxytocin, and agonists, which mimic its effects.
See also[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD