Preterm labor

Preterm labor refers to the onset of labor before the 37th week of pregnancy. It is a significant cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, and can lead to long-term health problems for the infant.

Causes

The exact causes of preterm labor are not fully understood. However, several factors have been identified that may increase the risk. These include:

• Multiple pregnancies
• Infections
• Chronic health conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure
• Certain lifestyle factors, such as smoking or drug use
• Previous preterm birth

Symptoms

The symptoms of preterm labor can be similar to those of regular labor and may include:

• Regular or frequent sensations of abdominal pain
• A constant low, dull backache
• Changes in vaginal discharge
• Pelvic pressure
• Cramps

Diagnosis

Preterm labor is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and ultrasound imaging. The healthcare provider may also perform tests to check for the presence of fetal fibronectin, a protein that can be a sign of preterm labor.

Treatment

The goal of treatment for preterm labor is to delay birth long enough to transfer the mother to a hospital that has a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and to give the mother corticosteroids to help speed up the baby's lung development.

Treatment options may include:

• Medications to stop or slow down labor
• Corticosteroids to speed up the baby's lung development
• Antibiotics to prevent or treat infections
• Bed rest

Prevention

While not all cases of preterm labor can be prevented, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk. These include:

• Regular prenatal care
• Avoiding smoking, alcohol, and illicit drugs
• Managing chronic conditions
• Eating a healthy diet and maintaining a healthy weight

See also

• Premature birth
• Neonatal intensive care unit
• Pregnancy