Ileus

A medical condition characterized by a lack of movement in the intestines

Overview

Diagram illustrating ileus in the intestines

Ileus is a medical condition characterized by a lack of movement in the intestines, leading to a buildup of food material and gas. This can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation. Ileus can occur as a result of surgery, certain medications, or other medical conditions that affect the normal peristaltic movements of the intestines.

Causes

Ileus can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Postoperative ileus: This is a common form of ileus that occurs after abdominal surgery. The manipulation of the intestines during surgery can temporarily disrupt their normal function.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as opioids, can slow down intestinal motility and lead to ileus.
• Electrolyte imbalances: Imbalances in electrolytes such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium can affect muscle contractions in the intestines.
• Infections: Infections within the abdomen, such as peritonitis, can lead to ileus.
• Inflammatory conditions: Conditions like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation that affects intestinal motility.

Symptoms

The symptoms of ileus can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause, but commonly include:

• Abdominal pain and cramping
• Bloating and distension
• Nausea and vomiting
• Constipation or inability to pass gas

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ileus typically involves a combination of:

• Physical examination: A doctor may listen for bowel sounds and check for abdominal tenderness.
• Imaging studies: X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasound may be used to visualize the intestines and identify any blockages or abnormalities.
• Blood tests: These can help identify electrolyte imbalances or signs of infection.

Treatment

Treatment for ileus depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Common approaches include:

• Bowel rest: Patients may be advised to refrain from eating or drinking to allow the intestines to rest.
• Nasogastric tube: A tube may be inserted through the nose into the stomach to relieve pressure and remove excess gas and fluids.
• Medications: Prokinetic agents may be used to stimulate intestinal motility.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove any obstructions or correct underlying issues.

Prevention

Preventive measures for ileus include:

• Minimizing the use of medications that can slow intestinal motility.
• Encouraging early mobilization and ambulation after surgery.
• Maintaining adequate hydration and electrolyte balance.

Related pages

• Bowel obstruction
• Peristalsis
• Gastrointestinal tract