Placental insufficiency

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Placental insufficiency
File:Histopathology of placenta with increased syncytial knotting of chorionic villi, annotated.jpg
Synonyms	Uteroplacental insufficiency
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Intrauterine growth restriction, oligohydramnios, abnormal fetal heart rate
Complications	Preterm birth, fetal hypoxia, stillbirth
Onset	During pregnancy
Duration	Until delivery
Types	N/A
Causes	Hypertension, preeclampsia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, placental abruption
Risks	Advanced maternal age, multiple gestation, chronic hypertension
Diagnosis	Ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, non-stress test
Differential diagnosis	Fetal growth restriction, oligohydramnios
Prevention	Prenatal care, management of maternal health conditions
Treatment	Monitoring, early delivery if necessary
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies depending on severity and management
Frequency	Common in complicated pregnancies
Deaths	N/A

Placental insufficiency (also known as uteroplacental vascular insufficiency) is a complication of pregnancy where the placenta fails to provide adequate oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. This can lead to fetal growth restriction and other serious complications.

Causes

The exact cause of placental insufficiency is not known, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development. These include maternal age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and preeclampsia.

Symptoms

Symptoms of placental insufficiency may not be noticeable in the mother. However, the condition can lead to a decrease in the size of the uterus, decreased fetal movement, and a smaller than normal fetus.

Diagnosis

Placental insufficiency is typically diagnosed through ultrasound imaging and Doppler ultrasound of the umbilical artery. Other tests may include amniocentesis and cordocentesis.

Treatment

Treatment for placental insufficiency is primarily focused on managing the underlying conditions that may be contributing to the problem. This may include medication to control blood pressure, blood sugar, and other conditions. In severe cases, early delivery may be necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for placental insufficiency depends on the severity of the condition and the gestational age at which it is diagnosed. With early detection and proper management, many babies can survive and thrive.

See also

• Pregnancy complications
• Fetal growth restriction
• Preeclampsia