Sclerema neonatorum

Sclerema neonatorum
Synonyms	Sclerema of the newborn
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Hardening of the skin, hypothermia, lethargy
Complications	Sepsis, death
Onset	Neonatal period
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Poor perfusion, hypoxia, acidosis
Risks	Premature birth, low birth weight, hypothermia
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, skin biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn, panniculitis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Supportive care, warming, intravenous fluids
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Poor if untreated
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Sclerema neonatorum is a rare and severe skin condition that primarily affects newborns. It is characterized by hardening of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The condition is often associated with severe systemic diseases and has a high mortality rate.

Symptoms and Signs

The primary symptom of sclerema neonatorum is the hardening of the skin, which can start in one area and spread to other parts of the body. The skin becomes cold and waxy, and it does not indent when pressed. Other symptoms can include poor feeding, lethargy, and low body temperature.

Causes

The exact cause of sclerema neonatorum is unknown, but it is often associated with underlying conditions such as sepsis, hypothermia, malnutrition, and prematurity. It is thought to be related to an abnormality in the fat cells of the skin.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of sclerema neonatorum is primarily based on the physical examination. The doctor may also order blood tests to check for underlying conditions. A skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment of sclerema neonatorum involves addressing the underlying condition and providing supportive care. This can include antibiotics for sepsis, warming for hypothermia, and nutritional support for malnutrition. Topical treatments and light therapy may also be used to soften the skin.

Prognosis

The prognosis for sclerema neonatorum is poor, with a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the outcome.

See also

• Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn
• Sepsis
• Hypothermia
• Malnutrition