Shoulder presentation

Shoulder presentation refers to a situation in obstetrics where the fetus is in a transverse lie within the uterus, meaning that its long axis is perpendicular to that of the mother. This can lead to complications during childbirth.

Causes

Shoulder presentation can occur due to several reasons, including uterine abnormalities, multiple pregnancy, premature birth, and excessive amniotic fluid (polyhydramnios).

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of shoulder presentation is typically made during labor when the midwife or obstetrician is unable to feel the presenting part of the fetus. This can be confirmed by ultrasound.

Management

The management of shoulder presentation depends on the stage of labor. If diagnosed early in labor, an attempt may be made to rotate the fetus into a more favorable position (external cephalic version). If this is unsuccessful or if the diagnosis is made late in labor, a caesarean section may be necessary.

Complications

Complications of shoulder presentation can include prolonged labor, fetal distress, and umbilical cord prolapse.

See also

• Breech birth
• Cephalic presentation
• Obstetric complications

Shoulder presentation Resources
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